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Material Properties of Cold-Heading Dies and Key Considerations for Forming Compatibility
Release date:
2026-05-15
Cold forging dies are critical components that determine the dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and production efficiency of workpieces. Common materials include alloy tool steels, high-speed steels, and cemented carbides, each exhibiting distinct differences in hardness, toughness, compressive strength, and impact resistance.
Cold forging dies are critical components that determine the dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and production efficiency of workpieces. Common materials include alloy tool steels, high-speed steels, and cemented carbides, each exhibiting distinct differences in hardness, toughness, compressive strength, and impact resistance. For the forming of standard fasteners, alloy die steels are typically selected due to their moderate cost‑performance ratio, making them well suited for conventional mass production. In contrast, the forming of complex, non‑standard parts and high‑strength stainless steel workpieces often relies on cemented carbide dies, which offer superior compressive strength and wear resistance.
Mold design must be aligned with the product’s structure, wire diameter, and the arrangement of cold‑heading stations. It is essential to appropriately control the fillet radii of the cavity, the taper angle of the necking section, and the ejection angle to minimize material buildup and cracking during forming. During production, molds are subjected to high‑frequency extrusion and impact wear, necessitating regular polishing and repair, hardness testing, and wear measurements; any signs of chipping, deformation, or excessive cavity wear should prompt timely replacement. Standardizing mold selection and routine maintenance is a critical step in ensuring consistent dimensions of cold‑headed parts and reducing the defect rate.
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